I would like to thank wholeheartedly all participants for their consented efforts. In fact, each person took it so much to heart not to exceed their half hour of communication that we were left with extra time approximately one hour and a half in total for the debates In fact, if the preservation of cave art is a shared issue and if there are so many threats to this essential heritage, there are many problems and solutions and we can only learn from each other.
The many accounts given during and after the Symposium prove that the high quality of communication, along with the freedom and richness of the debates were recognized and appreciated. This meeting therefore satisfied its objective. All the facts regarding Lascaux were clearly presented, including the mistakes made.
The debates went as planned, without concession or stonewalling, in complete transparency, whether it was with the decision-making process, the events which occurred, analyses carried out, obstacles or difficulties faced or perspectives for the future. If it is obvious that not everything has been settled, that the sickness is not yet cured and that the Symposium could not bring a miracle cure, we can only hope that the misunderstandings which may have existed about the events of the last few years will be cleared up for those who really care about one thing: saving Lascaux.
During the communications, particularly those from Drs. Marc Gauthier and Jean-Michel Geneste, we also found out that certain interesting decisions had been made and that projects were underway. Such an announcement is so rare, in whatever country, that it must be highlighted.
The second concerns the Scientific Committee of Lascaux, whose mission will finish in a few months. A tribute was given to its President, Marc Gauthier, and to its members who have been striving to save the cave under very difficult circumstances. This committee, where interdisciplinarity should be the rule, will be re-established in May It will be even more open, more specialized and more independent.
In particular, it will be separated from the steering Committee made up of administrators, naturally while maintaining communication between the two so that no efficiency is lost. A laboratory-cave will be selected, among several possibilities in the Dordogne area of France, in conditions very close to those of Lascaux. It will be used for experimentations in natural underground settings; these are essential but cannot be carried out in the decorated cave without risk. The results of these procedures will be largely used to try and solve the problems faced at Lascaux.
The Lascaux cave itself has been recreated in 3D. The simulator re-creates its conditions, its morphology as well as its climatology; the problems can therefore be sorted out.
It is obvious that these two methods laboratory-cave and simulator combined will greatly help in understanding the phenomena and in making decisions. The replica Lascaux II should join the valley and roads and car parks should disappear from the hill.
All specifications about the condition of Lascaux have been communicated. Marc Gauthier told us that 14 painted or engraved animals out of around have been affected by the black marks, in the right-hand side of the cave. This is still too many and any adverse effect on the works of art in the cave, whatever it may be, is sorely felt by those who love it, i.
However, we are far from the cataclysmic announcements we may have heard or read. No, the frescos of Lascaux are not "condemned" and the cave is not in "danger of death"! Finally, communications and discussions have enabled us to experience first hand the complexity of the problems faced, along with - in this fragile and vulnerable setting - the difficulty of work conditions and decisions to be made, often in an emergency.
The specialists have insisted on the following points We have never had a static and stable equilibrium, on the contrary there have always been changes in certain climatic parameters, which could affect the preservation of works of art or wall surfaces In this respect, several specialists have shown without a shadow of a doubt that the evolution of the climate since the beginning of the '80's brought about the halt of certain convection phenomena, an inversion of temperatures and air stagnation which was not known of beforehand.
This means that any decision made regarding climatic assistance must take these observations into account, and that consequently the former climatic assistance principles must be modified Atypical torrential rain was recorded at the beginning of the s. The restoration work undertaken - at the worst possible time - and the errors made acted like a catalyst and triggered micro-organic proliferations, the consequences of which are still being experienced It would be impossible to return to a hypothetical original condition.
It is true that all those who know the underground setting well know that it behaves just like a living organism, with its adaptation and self-regulation abilities or even the ability to regenerate when certain aggressions and changes remain within certain limits. To refer back to this comparison, it is necessary to adopt the most basic saying used by medical doctors, that of the Hippocrates oath, Primum non nocere.
Transposed to the actions in the cave, this implies two main principles: never directly touch fragile decorated walls; run impact studies before the implementation of any new curative policy. In the right-hand side of the cave, we know that the surfaces are crumbly and that any brushing action, even with a very fine brush, will lead to a loss of substance. Such actions are to be forbidden in the decorated areas, since they will cause irreversible damage and will have unpredictable results infestations can occur again.
Some of them can be conducted in a laboratory, but the creation of the laboratory-cave described above would greatly facilitate these studies. Microbiologists have repeatedly insisted on the fact that spraying biocide can have harmful secondary effects, for example in eliminating the microorganisms which can limit the proliferation of harmful mushrooms, or even in creating organic elements or detritus that some can feed on. Here are some examples of research that could be done in this field Studying the genome of the microorganisms living on the walls, which can now be done with powerful and quick methods Exploring the path of bacteriophage viruses Testing various radiations which could stop the observed proliferations, or even reduce the melanin.
Among the practical measures, it has been suggested R. Koestler to re-install the airlock - known as the Bauer Airlock - isolating the right-hand side of the cave from the Hall of the Bulls and the Axial Gallery. The vast amount of information collected must be correlated, which presents the problem of an improvement of collaboration systems between specialists and of data management.
To avoid the recurrence of misunderstandings, I suggest a health report of Lascaux be established every six months or once a year, and be made available to the public. Moreover, it would most definitely be favourable to plan for the organization of another Symposium in three years, so as to evaluate the situation regarding actions which have been taken in the meantime and their results, which we all hope to be positive.
Lascaux is the tragic illustration of human errors, when fluctuating age-old equilibrium is suddenly broken. Efforts must now be concentrated on the future, in coming out of the other side of the crisis that began a few years ago and to find a new climatic and biological equilibrium, never again that which has for a long time prevailed but still one which will ensure the durability of the paintings and engravings.
Good can result from something bad. Our Spanish colleagues have told us that they benefited from the precedence of Lascaux's problems in order to make decisions regarding the management of Altamira. Reviews 1 Game Tips 1 Discussion. Publisher Overview. Pros: 1 simple yet fun 2 family-friendly 3 short duration game is a great time-filler between more serious fare Cons: 1 limited strategic challenge, even with experienced players 2 serious gamers will get bored with this quickly I find the mechanics of the game to be a little quirky, but they are simple to understand and rather seamless once you get the hang of the auction.
Edit Recommendations. Log in to rate this game! Share this game with others! Info Time Contents. Game of the year - recommendation list. Lascaux is a card game released in with an auction mechanism. The game is on the recommendation list for Game of the Year Thematically based Lascaux to the discovered cave paintings of properties located in France Lascaux Cave.
The three to five players bid on cards with various animal drawings as the game progresses. The aim is to collect as many drawings of the same type as possible, as points are only awarded at the end of the game for the largest collections. The total of 54 playing cards each show one of six animal drawings and symbols in two colors. They are shuffled at the start of the game and placed face down as a pile. Each player also receives auction tokens in all six colors as well as 12 tokens 10 if there are five players , which serve as auction money.
Up to seven cards are revealed and form the display for the first round.
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